中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
烛红剪影,负笈而饴****** 大连理工大学软件学院“烛红剪影,负笈而饴”寒假实践团于1月8日来到辽宁省沈阳市拜访辽宁省剪纸艺术大师,满族剪纸非物质文化遗产代表性传承人赵聪卓先生,希望通过学习非物质文化遗产—中国剪纸,来欣赏民间文俗艺术,传承中华传统文化,增添氤氲红火年味。 剪纸铺平江,雁飞晕字双 杜甫曾写道“暖汤濯我足,剪纸招我魂”。剪纸是一种用剪刀或刻刀在纸上剪刻花纹,用于装点生活或配合其他民俗活动的民间艺术。而赵先生所传承的满族伊尔根觉罗氏剪纸是中国剪纸的一个类别,早在康熙二十年就已经流传,到了20世纪中后期便作为喜庆吉祥的象征走进了家家户户,并在2016年,被营口市政府评为营口市非物质文化遗产代表性项目,两年后再次被营口市政府评选为“营口礼物“。 对于剪纸文化,赵先生这样说道说:“剪纸是人民对美好生活向往的最好表达,交融于各族人民的社会生活,是各种民俗活动的重要组成部分,在我的记忆里过年时会贴窗花,结婚时会贴喜字,生孩子时也会贴剪纸,可以说剪纸是扎根中华千年刻入民族骨髓的文化艺术” 赏翦彩精巧,习文化源远 实践队员在到达伊尔根觉罗氏剪纸馆后,先在赵先生的带领下进行了参观,欣赏了不同形态、不同用途、不同风格的剪纸,对眼前琳琅满目的艺术品充满了惊叹与喜爱。 随后,赵先生就剪纸文化为同学们进行细致的讲解。首先是剪纸的历史和意义“自古中国便有剪纸的习俗,剪纸能直接反映劳动人民对美好生活的向往,它不仅是审美上的满足,更是精神上的寄托”。接着,实践队员了解到现代剪纸有别于传统剪纸,南派多用阳刻的手法,细腻玲珑,而北派则多用阴刻的手法,厚重粗犷。现代剪纸大多将两种手法结合使用,这需要传承人扎实的基本功和敢于创新的勇气。好的一幅剪纸作品需要讲究五门功课“圆尖方缺线”。力求圆要饱满,尖要挺拔,方要整齐,缺要有序,线要流畅,每一项都要求匠人有极强的耐心和细心。并且一幅小小的剪纸,却要经历折纸、画图、剪镂、贴裱四个复杂充满学问的流程。比如纸的选择上,需用宣纸染的红、黑、紫、深蓝等色纸或地方生产的毛边纸染的大红、大绿土产纸,这些纸薄而松,质地结实,而非大家想象普通的白纸便能胜任。 接着,实践队对传承人进行了采访,并提出了自己对剪纸文化的疑惑与不解。“好的剪纸设计需要与沟通和思考,需要从量变到质变,需要扎扎实实的基本功”一幅优秀的剪纸作品往往需要花费匠人大量的精力和时间来完成,而随着传统习俗的改变和社会现代的变革,如今愿意传承剪纸这项非遗文化的年轻人越来越少。赵先生说,这更需要他们传承人积极挖掘和思考时代特色,在保留文化底色的情况下,与主流相结合,做一个有时代温度的传承者。他相信源于民间的剪纸文化能再次适应时代,作为各家各户的符号来呈现出新时代的新活力。 秉持传统,融入时代 在被问及如何更好传承剪纸文化,赵先生说:“我认为传承的关键在于如何融入新时代,用新时代的叙述方式去讲好非遗故事。若是剪纸要单纯依靠一家小店以售卖或者体验的形式去宣扬剪纸文化,那么力度肯定是不够的。怎么利用好新时代?我认为一个是通过和大企业合作,把剪纸元素融入进他们的产品中,让大家有更多接触到剪纸的机会。第二个是运用像抖音,B站这样的新媒体平台,比如像李子柒,用新媒体让全世界认识到了中国田园诗般的美,剪纸也是一样,能把艺术用喜闻乐见的方式传达给大众很重要,第三个是融入其他艺术,比如把剪纸元素融入到舞蹈、戏剧、建筑这样的艺术中,“众人拾柴火焰高”嘛,不同艺术的抱团也对弘扬也非常有益“。 “薪火相继承千年底蕴”,实践队员对此感触颇深,一代又一代的文化工匠,秉承先祖遗训技艺,将这美好精妙传承。而他们传承的不仅是一门门精美绝伦艺术,更是一种种中国人的情绪的表达,一缕缕中华民族文化自信的魂和神。 纸上得来终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行 通过传承人的讲解与指导,实践队员决定尝试自己剪出一幅的剪纸,切身感受剪纸过程中的酸甜苦辣。 在艰辛的实践下,队员们剪出了精美喜庆的剪纸 通过一天的实践,实践队员对剪纸文化的美有了更为深刻全面的认知,并亲身体会到了剪纸制作的艰辛不易,收获了展出成品时的自豪喜悦,同时了解到同剪纸一样的非遗文化在传承和弘扬上面临的困境和挑战。在更直观地体悟到保护非遗文化的重要与困难后,实践队与传承人展开了讨论,得出了更好保护非遗文化的方法:大众层面,我们应自觉地学习了解非遗文化,并落实在行动中,切身体会非遗文化的美,匠人方面,要耐得住寂寞,坐得住板凳,以虔诚沉稳的心对待非遗艺术,并且不能一昧固守传统,而要让非遗艺术融入新时代并随时代发展,展现出新的活力,政府部门方面,既要加大对非遗文化的投资,不让传承匠人因经济等原因而放弃,还要多加建设非遗文化的展现平台,让非遗文化更多地走进寻常百姓的生活。通过这样三管齐下,实践队相信非物质文化遗产一定得到根本性的保护、传承与发展,中国非物质文化遗产也一定能走向大众,走向世界,走向未来。(孙泽昕) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |